The knowledge of cellular mechanisms in malignances of the bladder has grown exponentially.

Molecular technologies have led to the discovery of the molecular pathways distinguishing low-and highgrade

urothelial neoplasms. This trend portends the future in which the classification and diagnosis of the

bladder tumors through morphologic analysis will be supported by molecular information correlating with

prognosis and targeted therapy. This article outlines tumor molecular pathology of bladder cancer with an

emphasis on several promising candidate biomarkers that may soon make their transition to the realm of

clinical management of bladder cancer.