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Epidemiology, early detection, and management of breast cancer in China: A comprehensive review

Breast cancer represents a significant and growing public health challenge in China, marked by a rising incidence and distinct variations across age groups and geographical regions. This review synthesizes recent evidence regarding the epidemiology, early detection, and early treatment in the Chinese context. We outline current patterns of disease burden and the spectrum of risk factors—both modifiable and non-modifiable. We note ongoing shifts linked to reproductive trends, lifestyle changes, and an aging population. Screening practices are increasingly evolving towards stratified, risk-adapted pathways. These approaches often combine mammography with adjunct imaging modalities such as ultrasound, digital breast tomosynthesis, or magnetic resonance imaging for selected populations, while artificial intelligence is under active investigation to enhance image interpretation and streamline workflow.

Leukemia epidemiology in China: Burden, trends, and determinants in the 21st century

This comprehensive review integrates population-based registries, hospital databases and Global Burden of Disease data to describe the evolving leukemia burden in China from 2000 to 2022. The overall incidence has stabilized nationally, but the absolute number of cases continues to increase as the population ages. A bimodal age pattern persists, with acute leukemias clustering in young children and older adults, while chronic forms predominate in mid-to-late life, and males are consistently more affected by all subtypes. Rapid expansion of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has resulted in marked survival gains for both acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and its seamless integration with molecularly targeted agents, venetoclax-based regimens and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy has transformed acute leukemias into potentially curable diseases for an expanding proportion of patients. In parallel, universal access to tyrosine kinase inhibitors and standardized molecular monitoring have turned chronic myeloid leukemia into a manageable chronic condition, and survival of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia is improving as novel Bruton’s tyrosine kinase and BCL-2 inhibitors diffuse into clinical practice.

National Health Commission guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer in China (2025 edition, English version)

The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer in China continue to rise, with approximately 520,000 new cases and 240,000 deaths in 2022, posing a significant public health challenge (1). The National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer (2025 edition) (hereinafter referred to as “the Guidelines”) was revised by nearly one hundred multidisciplinary experts organized by the Chinese Medical Association Oncology Branch, which is entrusted by the Department of Medical Administration of the National Health Commission. Building on the core principle of “evidence-based medicine, combined with Chinese practice” since the first edition in 2013, the Guidelines add a chapter on “Surgical treatment of anal canal cancer” and a section on “New technologies and advances in diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer”.

Expert consensus on multidisciplinary management of laparoscopic-endoscopic cooperative surgery combined with sentinel lymph node navigation surgery for early gastric cancer (2026 edition)

With the advancement of surgical techniques and enhanced management of early gastric cancer (EGC), minimally invasive function-preserving surgical approaches have emerged as a common goal for patients and clinicians. Laparoscopic-endoscopic cooperative surgery combined with sentinel lymph node navigation surgery (LECS-SNNS) has drawn increasing interest because of its dual benefits of minimal invasiveness and organ function preservation. However, robust evidence-based support for guiding clinical implementation remains limited. To address this gap, we systematically evaluated available studies on the clinical application of LECS-SNNS in EGC and integrated expert insights to formulate 20 recommendations.

Updates of CSCO guidelines for colorectal cancer version 2025

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy of the digestive system and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In China, CRC ranks as the second most common cancer with incidence and mortality rates continuing to rise. The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) first introduced its guidelines in 2017, and since then, they have been updated annually to incorporate the latest clinical research findings, drug availability, and expert consensus. This article presents the key updates in the 2025 edition compared to the 2024 version.

Cancer statistics in China: Epidemiology, risk factors, and prevention

Cancer is a leading cause of death in China, and its epidemiological profile has shifted markedly in recent years. This review summarizes contemporary trends in cancer incidence and mortality, delineates the major modifiable risk factors, and highlights recent national efforts to ease the burden of cancer. In 2022, China recorded 4.8 million new cancer cases (crude rate: 341.7 per 100,000) and 2.5 million cancer deaths (182.3 per 100,000). Lung, colorectal, thyroid, liver, stomach, and female breast cancers accounted for 65% of all diagnoses, while lung, liver, stomach, colorectal, and esophageal cancers constituted 67.5% of cancer deaths. Notable shifts in sex-specific rankings underscored the rising mortality burden of prostate, female breast, and cervical cancers.

2024 Impact Factor of CJCR: 6.3
Journal Citation Reports ™, Clarivate Analytics

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Vol 38, No 2 (Apr 2026)

Special Issue on AI-driven comprehensive cancer therapy: Strategy construction, basic and translational research

Preface

Preface to Special Issue: AI-driven comprehensive cancer therapy: Strategy construction, basic and translational research

Lei Zhu

Pages: 119-120 HTML

Review Article

Artificial intelligence empowered biomaterials for cancer therapy: From rational design to clinical translation

Chaonan Wang, Lie Zhu, Nan Lu, Hong Tang, Rong Wu, Zhewei Chen, Yixuan Huang, Pengfei Li, Zhe Zhao, Renjun Gu

Pages: 121-147 HTML

Current trends and future directions of artificial intelligence in lung cancer diagnosis

Weilong Hu, Gang Wang, Li Ren, Jie Hu, Xiaopeng Wu, Weihua Zhuang, Yongchao Yao, Chengdi Wang, Feng Ye, Wenjun Mao, Wenchuang Hu

Pages: 148-176 HTML

Original Article

Integrating AI-driven single-cell analysis to decode epithelial heterogeneity: A prognostic signature and translational immunotherapy strategy targeting KRT18-induced PD-L1 in lung adenocarcinoma

Han Zhang, Jun Zhou, Jiwei Liu, Pengpeng Zhang, Xin Li, Yue Yu, Wenjun Mao, Daqiang Sun

Pages: 177-196 HTML

Commentary

CARE framework: Rethinking randomized controlled trials for medical artificial intelligence

Sicheng Yang, Qiuxia Yang, Yize Mao, Lei Zhu

Pages: 197-199 HTML

From spatial maps to therapeutic targets: Next challenge for artificial intelligence in cancer spatial omics

Hui Xu, Yuyuan Zhang, Yuqing Ren, Peng Luo, Haidong Zhu

Pages: 200-203 HTML

Cross-domain few-shot learning: A new perspective on overcoming bottlenecks in clinical artificial intelligence tumor diagnosis

Ziyao Chen, Chenglong Fu, Chuang Wang, Cheng Chen, Xiang Pan, Jian Yao, Pengjiang Qian

Pages: 204-208 HTML

Review Article

Revisiting nature of stage III non-small cell lung cancer: Anatomically defined, biologically systemic

Guoyin Li, Xi Zhang, Xiaolu Fu, Xuewen Liu, Zewen Song

Pages: 209-233 HTML

Original Article

Refined immune-based molecular subtypes of gastric cancer: Integrating mismatch repair status and tumor microenvironment for enhanced immunotherapy prediction

Ke Shen, Yanqiang Zhang, Zhiqin Wang, Ruixing Xu, Jintao He, Mengya Zhou, Yiming Lu, Danni Zhu, Yizhou Wei, Weiwei Zhu, Qing Yang, Zhiyuan Xu, Can Hu, Siwei Pan, Xiangdong Cheng

Pages: 234-251 HTML

Development of an interpretable machine learning model for lymphovascular space invasion prediction in patients with endometrioid endometrial carcinoma: A prospective study

Meixuan Wu, Ling Zhou, Xiao Yang, Sihui Yang, Bowen Sun, Lirong Zhai, Chengcheng Li, Huaijun Zhou, Yuan Cheng, Jianliu Wang

Pages: 252-267 HTML

Development and validation of a multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging-based nomogram for predicting feasibility of sphincter-preserving surgery in mid-low rectal cancer

Juan Wang, Tianjing Chang, Lili Tang, Qingyang Li, Zhaoya Gao, Qingkun Gao, Haopeng Hong, Zhibo Hou, Wanlan Li, Yaping Li, Ye Han, Wenyu Wu, Hongwei Wang, Wenhan Feng, Manli Na, Jianjie Wang, Mingchuan Yu, Bin Zhang, Ming Li, Yingshi Sun, Jin Gu

Pages: 268-284 HTML

Correspondence

Novel germline JAK2 L808W and E305Vfs4* mutations in familial essential thrombocythemia: Evidence from two pedigrees

Jianxin Liu, Wenqing Hu, Chunjian Wang, Yayun Zhang, Min Ouyang, Hanyun Ren, Meixiang Zhang

Pages: 285-288 HTML

NHCPRC Guidelines

National Health Commission guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer in China (2025 edition, English version)

Department of Medical Administration, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China; Chinese Medical Association Oncology Branch

Pages: 949-961 HTML

National Health Commission guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer 2023 in China (English version)

National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China; Society of Oncology, Chinese Medical Association

Pages: 197-232 HTML